B. F. Skinner said that there are 3 ways that the environment can apply itself upon a living being:  Phylogenic, Ontogenic and Cultural.

Phylogenic:  Natural evolution of a species (aka Darwinism).  By a natural process of survival characteristics, each generation is passed characteristics by its predecessors.  Phylogenics is a discipline in biology that is the study of the evolutionary history of groups of organisms

Ontogenic: This refers to an how the environment changes an individual over his or her lifetime.

Cultural:  Passing behavior from one person to another by imitation and modeling.